Theory of emulsion pdf

This repulsive force causes them to remain suspended in the dispersion medium. Citeseerx a quantitative kinetic theory of emulsion type. Understanding the theoretical considerations in emulsion formulation and having the ability and proper instrumentation to fully characterize and monitor stability of an emulsion system is highly beneficial in providing a superior product in a time efficient manner. The analysis of emulsion stability provides not only fundamental. Most adhesives change physical state in the bonding process, with the main exception being pressure. The studies show that the true stability of the emulsion films is related to their thermodynamic properties surface tension, disjoining pressure. Some thermodynamics emulsion formation by comminution the preparation of emulsions requires energy to disperse the organic phase solvent or solution in water. In addition, the influence of initiator type and presence of seed particles are studied. This theory places the emulsifying agent at the interface between oil and water, surrounding the droplets of the internal phase as. The third step is the setting, which involves the solidification andor curing of the adhesive. Emulsions are formed from the component liquids either spontaneously or, more often, by mechanical means. Repulsion theory the theory proposes that the emulsifying agent creates a film over one phase that forms globules, which repel each other.

Emulsions emulsion is a dispersion in which the dispersed phase is composed of small globules of a liquid distributed throughout a vehicle in which it is immiscible. Emulsion polymerization of styrene using the homopolymer of a reactive surfactant. The relation of hlb numbers to the solubility of the emulsifying agent in the oil or water phases is. Schulman in 1943, who reported a spontaneous emulsion of water and oil on addition of a strong surfaceactive agent 2. The theory of film rupture was first formulated for the case of foam systems 17, 39. An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible unmixable or unblendable. The word emulsion comes from the latin word meaning to milk milk is one example of an emulsion of fat and water. Emulsions are part of a more general class of twophase systems of matter called colloids. The nucleation mechanism is verified by means of on. The characteristic red colour of an emulsion appears to be related to this polydispersability. In a copper mine this resulted in a decreased powder factor and thereby less cost for the explosive. Note the weight of product and their particle size distribution.

Surface tensiontheory according to the surface tension theory of emulsification, the emulsifying agents cause a reduction in the interfacial. A stable emulsion will have polydisperse droplets vmd of 5 and 20 microns, whereas an unstable emulsion will not. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Pdf chapter 8 theory of emulsion flocculation researchgate. The batch process involves at least two process steps water phase soap preparation and the actual emulsion production. By using bulk emulsion explosive it was possible to achieve a better breakage performance. This theory places the emulsifying agent at the interface between oil and water, surrounding the droplets of the internal phase as a thin layer of film adsorbed on the surface of the drops, the film prevents contact and coalescing of the dispersed phase. When a pharmaceutical emulsion is to be prepared the principal consideration is the s ame as that of milk. Sweden where bulk emulsion explosives have been used. The term microemulsion was first used even later by schulman et al. Bitumen emulsion can be produced either in a batch or an inline process plant. Recently, however, emulsion type has been interpreted quantitatively, though purely empirically, according to the hydrophiliclipophilic balance hlb classification. This book is organized into four sessions encompassing 19 chapters. Emulsions definition an emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable system consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases one of which is dispersed as globules in the other liquid phase stabilized by a third substance called emulsifying agent.

Of particular concern is the presence of calcium and magnesium ions. However, this theory could not explain the formation of type of emulsion. Viscosity theory as per this theory, an increase in viscosity of an emulsion will lead to an increase in stability. Supply incoming process air with a low flow rate the lowest measurable to the bed and note the flow rate. Lachman liebermans the theory and practice industrial. Annotations are viewable on desktop computers or desktop site of mobile devices. A final coating of uniform thickness implies good leveling and osx pdf editor the avoidance of. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. If a mixture of oil and water is agitated in the presence of a surface active agent as emulsifier, an emulsion will result. A lot of emulsion science has been known for many years, but the theories have not been easy to apply. According to the theory a phase inversion in a binary wateramphiphile of the cusp catastrophe, the gibbs free energy should be system represented by3 comparisons between the. Comprehensive experimental results of the nucleation stage of styrene emulsion polymerization in the absence as well as in the presence of emulsifier at different concentrations are presented. Journal of the american oil chemists society about volume 2. Theory and practice of emulsion technology sciencedirect.

Theory for an emulsion, the appropriate optimization function is the gibbs free energy of the system. Or an emulsion is a dispersion in which the dispersed phase is composed of small. Stability of emulsion an overview sciencedirect topics. The opening session deals with the emulsification process and emulsion polymerization, as well as. One of the most widely used methods of manufacturing vinyl polymers, emulsion polymerization involves formation of a stable emulsion often referred to as a latex of monomer in water using a soap or detergent as the emulsifying agent. The apps in this section use theories from many of the top surfactant scientists, allowing their work to come to life for those of us who need it. Other articles where emulsion polymerization is discussed. An emulsion is a colloid of two or more immiscible liquids where one liquid contains a dispersion of the other liquids. In other words, an emulsion is a special type of mixture made by combining two liquids that normally dont mix. It undoubtedly will be the outstanding reference work in the emulsion field for years to come. The applicability of catastrophe theory to emulsion phase.

To disperse two immiscible liquids, one needs a third component, namely, the emulsi. Studies of analytical means for characterizing emulsions show that the measurement ofwater in emulsion using karlfischer titration is accurate and rapid. Intravenous fat emulsion for treatment of local anesthetic. With a slight modification, it is also applicable for emulsion films 31. A, the rheology of paints, inpaint and surface coatings. Emulsion is a type of liquid dosage form for pharmaceutical use. The analysis of the stability of the traditional twoliquid emulsions is focussed on two factors. The viscosity of an emulsion is correlated with the starting oil, however there exists high variation in this factor. The theory of emulsification, v the journal of physical. Studies of water in oil emulsions and techniques to.

Emulsions practical surfactants science prof steven abbott. Petsev and others published chapter 8 theory of emulsion flocculation find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The water phase is prepared in a tank into which heated water, emulsifier and other emulsion chemicals are metered and the solution properly. Paints, such as emulsions of alkyd resins and latex emulsions. The theory of emulsification bancroft states that the necessary conditions for forming a stable emulsion are that the drops of the dispersed phase shall be so small that they will stay suspended and that there shall be a sufficiently viscous film around each drop to keep the.

The theory for particle nucleation by precipitation of oligomeric radicals from the water phase is discussed and a model based on the diffusion, propagation and termination steps is presented. Water soluble agents encourage o w emulsion and oil soluble emulsifiers encourage wo emulsion. A great introduction to the study and fomulation of emulsions, this book discusses background theory, physical properties of emulsions, theories of emulsion stability and instability, emulsifying agents and their chemistry, formulation procedures and techniques, and industrial applications of. Theory and practice of emulsion technology covers the proceedings of the theory and practice of emulsion technology symposium, held at brunel university on september 1618, 1974.

This paper is the first in a series intended to clarify the particle nucleation mechanisms in emulsion polymerization. Two liquids that have a non zero interfacial tension when they are in contact. This theory failed to explain about the milk which shows considerable stability even though its viscosity is less. When a pharmaceutical emulsion is to be prepared the. Theory of the electric double layer of stabilized emulsions. The old adage oil and water dont mix is something of a paradox in the context of emulsion theory for, in simplistic terms, emulsions are indeed mixtures of oily.